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Created page with "{{Short description|none}} {{redirect|Presidents of the United States||President of the United States (disambiguation)}} {{featured list}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=June 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2017}} upright=1.05|thumb|320px|The [[White House, official residence of the president of the United States, in July 2008]] The president of the United States is the head of state and head of gove..."

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{{Short description|none}}
{{redirect|Presidents of the United States||President of the United States (disambiguation)}}
{{featured list}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2017}}
[[File:White House Washington.JPG|upright=1.05|thumb|320px|The [[White House]], official residence of the president of the United States, in July 2008]]

The [[president of the United States]] is the [[head of state]] and [[head of government]] of the [[United States]],{{Sfnp|Rossiter|1962|p=86}} [[indirectly elected]] to a four-year [[Term of office|term]] via the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]].{{Sfnp|Shugart|2004|pp=633–636}} Under the [[U.S. Constitution]], the officeholder leads the [[Executive (government)|executive branch]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] and is the [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[United States Armed Forces]].{{Sfnp|Epstein|2005|p=318}} The first president, [[George Washington]], won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College.{{Sfnp|Matuz|2001|p=xxii}} The incumbent president is [[Donald Trump]], who [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|assumed office on January 20, 2025]].{{sfnp|Hajela|2024}}{{sfnp|Freile|2024}} Since the office was established in 1789, 45 men have served in 47 presidencies; the discrepancy arises from two individuals elected to non-consecutive terms: [[Grover Cleveland]] is counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, while Donald Trump is counted as the 45th and 47th president.{{sfnp|AP|2024}}{{Sfnp|Schaller|Williams|2003|p=192}}

The presidency of [[William Henry Harrison]], who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history.{{Sfnp|McHugh|Mackowiak|2014|pp=990–995}} [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms.{{Sfnp|Skau|1974|pp=246–275}} Since the ratification of the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution]] in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.{{Sfnp|Peabody|Gant|1999|p=565}}

Four presidents [[Death in office|died in office]] of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, [[Zachary Taylor]], [[Warren G. Harding]], and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were [[List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots|assassinated]] ([[Abraham Lincoln]], [[James A. Garfield]], [[William McKinley]], and [[John F. Kennedy]]), and one resigned ([[Richard Nixon]], facing [[Impeachment process against Richard Nixon|impeachment]] and removal from office).{{Sfnp|Abbott|2005|pp=627–644}} [[John Tyler]] was the first [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] to assume the presidency during a presidential term, setting the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with a new, distinct administration.{{Sfnp|Dinnerstein|1962|pp=447–451}}

Throughout most of its history, [[American politics]] has been dominated by [[Political parties in the United States|political parties]]. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, no organized parties existed. Soon after the [[1st United States Congress|1st Congress]] convened, [[political faction]]s began rallying around dominant [[Presidency of George Washington|Washington administration]] officials, such as [[Alexander Hamilton]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]].{{Sfnmp|''Guide to U.S. Elections''|2010|1p=197|Nardulli|1992|2p=179}} Concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained [[Independent politician|unaffiliated]] with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president who never affiliated with a political party.{{Sfnmp|1a1=LOC (2)|2a1=Jamison|2y=2014}}

== Presidents ==

{{sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
|+ {{sronly|List of presidents of the United States from 1789 – till date.}}
!scope=col |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}{{efn|Presidents are numbered according to uninterrupted periods served by the same person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president, instead of the first and second, but Grover Cleveland and Donald Trump are counted twice, because their two terms were not consecutive. A vice president who temporarily becomes [[Acting President of the United States|acting president]] under the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-fifth Amendment]] to the Constitution is not counted, because the president remains in office during such a period.}}
!scope=col class=unsortable |Portrait
!scope=col |Name {{Small|(birth–death)}}
!scope=col class=unsortable |Term{{Sfnmp|1a1=LOC|2a1=whitehouse.gov}}
!scope=col colspan=2 |Party{{efn|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted. Also reflects the vice president's political party unless otherwise noted beside the individual's name.}}{{Sfnp|''Guide to U.S. Elections''|2010|pp=257–258}}
!scope=col class=unsortable |Election
!scope=col class=unsortable |Vice President{{Sfnp|LOC}}
|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of George Washington|1]]
|[[File:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington (cropped)(2).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Painting of George Washington]]
|data-sort-value="Washington, George" |'''[[George Washington]]''' {{Small|(1732–1799)}} {{Sfnp|McDonald|2000}}
|{{dts|April 30, 1789}} – {{dts|March 4, 1797}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
|''Unaffiliated''
|class=nowrap |[[1788–89 United States presidential election|1788–89]] <hr> [[1792 United States presidential election|1792]]
|[[John Adams]]{{efn|Political parties had not been anticipated when the Constitution was drafted, nor did they exist at the time of the first presidential election in 1788–89. When they did develop, during Washington's first term, Adams joined the faction that became the [[Federalist Party]]. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the United States that were contested on anything resembling a partisan basis.{{Sfnmp|''Guide to U.S. Elections''|2010|1pp=197, 272|Nardulli|1992|2p=179}}}}

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of John Adams|2]]
|[[File:John Adams 1800 to 1815 Portrait (4x5 cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Painting of John Adams]]
|data-sort-value="Adams, John" |'''[[John Adams]]''' {{Small|(1735–1826)}} {{Sfnp|Pencak|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1797}} – {{dts|March 4, 1801}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Federalist Party}}" |
|[[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
|[[1796 United States presidential election|1796]]
|[[Thomas Jefferson]]{{efn|The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.{{Sfnp|''Guide to U.S. Elections''|2010|p=274}}}}

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Thomas Jefferson|3]]
|[[File:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Painting of Thomas Jefferson]]
|data-sort-value="Jefferson, Thomas" |'''[[Thomas Jefferson]]''' {{Small|(1743–1826)}} {{Sfnp|Peterson|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1801}} – {{dts|March 4, 1809}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}" |
|[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic- Republican]]
|[[1800 United States presidential election|1800]] <hr> [[1804 United States presidential election|1804]]
|[[Aaron Burr]] <hr> [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]

|-
!scope=row|[[Presidency of James Madison|4]]
|[[File:James Madison 1816.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Painting of James Madison]]
|data-sort-value="Madison, James" |'''[[James Madison]]''' {{Small|(1751–1836)}} {{Sfnp|Banning|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1809}} – {{dts|March 4, 1817}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}" |
|[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic- Republican]]
|[[1808 United States presidential election|1808]] <hr> [[1812 United States presidential election|1812]]
|[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]{{efn|name=diedintraterm|Died in office{{Sfnp|Neale|2004|p=22}}}} <hr> ''Vacant after April 20, 1812'' <hr> [[Elbridge Gerry]]{{efn|name=diedintraterm}} <hr> ''Vacant after November 23, 1814''

|-
!scope=row|[[Presidency of James Monroe|5]]
|[[File:James Monroe White House portrait 1819 (3x4 cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Painting of James Monroe]]
|data-sort-value="Monroe, James" |'''[[James Monroe]]''' {{Small|(1758–1831)}} {{Sfnp|Ammon|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1817}} – {{dts|March 4, 1825}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}" |
|[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic- Republican]]
|[[1816 United States presidential election|1816]] <hr> [[1820 United States presidential election|1820]]
|[[Daniel D. Tompkins]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of John Quincy Adams|6]]
|[[File:John Quincy Adams 1858 crop.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Painting of John Quincy Adams]]
|data-sort-value="Adams, John Quincy" |'''[[John Quincy Adams]]''' {{Small|(1767–1848)}} {{Sfnp|Hargreaves|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1825}} – {{dts|March 4, 1829}}
|style="background: linear-gradient({{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}} 50%, {{party color|National Republican Party}} 50%);" |
|[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic- Republican]]{{efn|name="JQAdams"|Early during John Quincy Adams' term, the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] dissolved; his allies in Congress and at the state level were referred to as "Adams' Men" during the Adams presidency. When [[Andrew Jackson]] became president in 1829, this group became the "Anti-Jackson" [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]], and organized themselves as the [[National Republican Party]].{{Sfnmp|1a1=''Guide to U.S. Elections''|1y=2010|1p=228|2a1=Goldman|2y=1951|2p=159}}}} <hr> [[National Republican Party|National Republican]]
|[[1824 United States presidential election|1824]]
|[[John C. Calhoun]]{{efn|John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the [[Nullifier Party]] in 1828 to oppose the [[Tariff of Abominations|Tariff of 1828]] and advance the cause of [[states' rights]], but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the democratic coalition led by Jackson.{{Sfnmp|1a1=''Guide to U.S. Elections''|1y=2010|1p=892|2a1=Houpt|2y=2010|2pp=26, 280}}}}

|-
!scope=row|[[Presidency of Andrew Jackson|7]]
|[[File:Andrew jackson head (cropped 4x5).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Painting of Andrew Jackson]]
|data-sort-value="Jackson, Andrew" |'''[[Andrew Jackson]]''' {{Small|(1767–1845)}} {{Sfnp|Remini|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1829}} – {{dts|March 4, 1837}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|[[1828 United States presidential election|1828]] <hr> [[1832 United States presidential election|1832]]
|[[John C. Calhoun]]{{efn|name=resignedintraterm|Resigned from office{{Sfnp|Neale|2004|p=22}}}} <hr> ''Vacant after December 28, 1832'' <hr> [[Martin Van Buren]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Martin Van Buren|8]]
|[[File:Martin Van Buren circa 1837 crop.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5]]
|data-sort-value="Van Buren, Martin" |'''[[Martin Van Buren]]''' {{Small|(1782–1862)}} {{Sfnp|Cole|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1837}} – {{dts|March 4, 1841}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|[[1836 United States presidential election|1836]]
|[[Richard Mentor Johnson]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of William Henry Harrison|9]]
|[[File:William Henry Harrison crop.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5]]
|data-sort-value="Harrison, William Henry" |'''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' {{Small|(1773–1841)}} {{Sfnp|Gutzman|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1841}} – {{dts|April 4, 1841}}{{efn|name=diedintraterm}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Whig Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]
|[[1840 United States presidential election|1840]]
|[[John Tyler]]

|-
!scope=row|[[Presidency of John Tyler|10]]
|[[File:John Tyler (cropped 3x4) (cropped)(2).png|frameless|upright=0.5]]
|data-sort-value="Tyler, John" |'''[[John Tyler]]''' {{Small|(1790–1862)}} {{Sfnp|Shade|2000}}
|April 4, 1841{{efn|John Tyler succeeded to the presidency upon the death of William Henry Harrison.{{Sfnp|Abbott|2013|p=23}}}} – {{dts|March 4, 1845}}
|style="background: linear-gradient({{party color|Whig Party (United States)}} 50%, {{party color|Independent (politician)}} 50%);" |
|[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]{{efn|name="JTyler"|John Tyler was elected vice president on the Whig Party ticket in 1840. His policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party five months after assuming office.{{sfnp|Cash|2018|pp=34–36}}}} <hr> ''Unaffiliated''
|{{gray|{{endash}}}}
|''Vacant throughout presidency''

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of James K. Polk|11]]
|[[File:James K Polk (3x4 cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of James K. Polk]]
|data-sort-value="Polk, James K" |'''[[James K. Polk]]''' {{Small|(1795–1849)}} {{Sfnp|Rawley|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1845}} – {{dts|March 4, 1849}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|[[1844 United States presidential election|1844]]
|[[George M. Dallas]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Zachary Taylor|12]]
|[[File:Zachary Taylor restored (3x4 cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of Zachary Taylor]]
|data-sort-value="Taylor, Zachary" |'''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' {{Small|(1784–1850)}} {{Sfnp|Smith|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1849}} – {{dts|July 9, 1850}}{{efn|name=diedintraterm}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Whig Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]
|[[1848 United States presidential election|1848]]
|[[Millard Fillmore]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Millard Fillmore|13]]
|[[File:Fillmore.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of Millard Fillmore]]
|data-sort-value="Fillmore, Millard" |'''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' {{Small|(1800–1874)}} {{Sfnp|Anbinder|2000}}
|{{dts|July 9, 1850}}{{efn|Millard Fillmore succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Zachary Taylor.{{Sfnp|Abbott|2005|p=639}}}} – {{dts|March 4, 1853}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Whig Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]
|{{gray|{{endash}}}}
|''Vacant throughout presidency''

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Franklin Pierce|14]]
|[[File:Mathew Brady - Franklin Pierce - alternate crop (cropped)(2).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of Franklin Pierce]]
|data-sort-value="Pierce, Franklin" |'''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' {{Small|(1804–1869)}} {{Sfnp|Gara|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1853}} – {{dts|March 4, 1857}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|[[1852 United States presidential election|1852]]
|[[William R. King]]{{efn|name=diedintraterm}} <hr> ''Vacant after April 18, 1853''

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of James Buchanan|15]]
|[[File:James Buchanan (cropped 3x4).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of James Buchanan]]
|data-sort-value="Buchanan, James" |'''[[James Buchanan]]''' {{Small|(1791–1868)}} {{Sfnp|Gienapp|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1857}} – {{dts|March 4, 1861}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|[[1856 United States presidential election|1856]]
|[[John C. Breckinridge]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Abraham Lincoln|16]]
|[[File:Abraham Lincoln O-77 matte collodion print.jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of Abraham Lincoln]]
|data-sort-value="Lincoln, Abraham" |'''[[Abraham Lincoln]]''' {{Small|(1809–1865)}} {{Sfnp|McPherson (b)|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1861}} – {{dts|April 15, 1865}}{{efn|name=diedintraterm}}
|style="background: linear-gradient({{party color|Republican Party (United States)}} 50%, {{party color|National Union Party (United States)}} 50%);" |
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] <hr> [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]]{{efn|name="ALincoln"|When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan [[electoral alliance]] with [[War Democrat]]s by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union Party]] ticket.{{Sfnp|McSeveney|1986|p=139}}}}
|[[1860 United States presidential election|1860]] <hr> [[1864 United States presidential election|1864]]
|[[Hannibal Hamlin]] <hr> [[Andrew Johnson]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Andrew Johnson|17]]
|[[File:Andrew Johnson photo portrait head and shoulders (3x4 cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of Andrew Johnson]]
|data-sort-value="Johnson, Andrew" |'''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' {{Small|(1808–1875)}} {{Sfnp|Trefousse|2000}}
|{{dts|April 15, 1865}}{{efn|Andrew Johnson succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Abraham Lincoln.{{Sfnp|Trefousse|2000}}}} – {{dts|March 4, 1869}}
|style="background: linear-gradient({{party color|National Union Party (United States)}} 50%, {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}} 50%);" |
|[[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]]{{efn|name="AJohnson"|While president, Andrew Johnson tried and failed to build a coalition of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson began reassociating with the Democratic Party.{{Sfnp|Trefousse|2000}}}} <hr> [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|{{gray|{{endash}}}}
|''Vacant throughout presidency''

|-
!scope=row|[[Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant|18]]
|[[File:Ulysses S Grant by Brady c1870-restored (3x4 cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of Ulysses S. Grant]]
|data-sort-value="Grant, Ulysses S" |'''[[Ulysses S. Grant]]''' {{Small|(1822–1885)}} {{Sfnp|McPherson (a)|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1869}} – {{dts|March 4, 1877}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|[[1868 United States presidential election|1868]] <hr> [[1872 United States presidential election|1872]]
|[[Schuyler Colfax]] <hr> [[Henry Wilson]]{{efn|name=diedintraterm}} <hr> ''Vacant after November 22, 1875''

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes|19]]
|[[File:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 (3x4 cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes]]
|data-sort-value="Hayes, Rutherford B." |'''[[Rutherford B. Hayes]]''' {{Small|(1822–1893)}} {{Sfnp|Hoogenboom|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1877}} – {{dts|March 4, 1881}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|[[1876 United States presidential election|1876]]
|[[William A. Wheeler]]

|-
!scope=row |[[Presidency of James A. Garfield|20]]
|[[File:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated (3x4 cropped b).jpg|frameless|upright=0.5|alt=Black-and-white photographic portrait of James A. Garfield]]
|data-sort-value="Garfield, James A" |'''[[James A. Garfield]]''' {{Small|(1831–1881)}} {{Sfnp|Peskin|2000}}
|{{dts|March 4, 1881}} – {{dts|September 19, 1881}}{{efn|name=diedintraterm}}
|style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |
|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|[[1880 United States presidential election|1880]]
|[[Chester A. Arthur]]

List of Presidents of South City - Revision history